Read the docs
TI-2026-39137 Aliases CVE-2026-54234GHSA-8wr5-jm2h-8r4f

vLLM: Remote DoS in vLLM via Invalid Recovered Token Reinjection

Priority HIGH 72CWE-1284Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · None · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 4 fixed, 3 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat.

Summary

vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, a frontend-legal multi-request speculative decoding workload can cause the rejection sampler to produce a recovered token equal to the model vocabulary size boundary value, which is then converted to negative one when the engine selects the next live token for a request and is written back into the drafter's input ids; that out-of-vocabulary value is later consumed by the model's embedding and attention path and crashes the engine worker with a GPU device-side assertion. The same triggering request sequence is reachable through the public gRPC Generate and Abort endpoints, so a remote client that can send generation requests can crash the shared engine worker, aborting concurrent requests and causing a service-wide denial of service for other clients of the deployment until the worker is restarted. This issue is fixed in version 0.24.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00616 49th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix Partial vllm (vllm-project): 0.24.0vllm (PyPI): 0.24.0Red Hat: 13 advisoriesRed Hat: 4 fixed, 3 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
vllm-projectvllmbefore 0.24.00.24.0Patch availableCNA
—vllm (PyPI)0.17.1 to before 0.24.00.24.0Patch availableGHSA-8wr5-jm2h-8r4f
  • vllm Vendorvllm-project Affected before 0.24.0 Fixed in 0.24.0 Patch available CNA
  • vllm (PyPI) Vendor— Affected 0.17.1 to before 0.24.0 Fixed in 0.24.0 Patch available GHSA-8wr5-jm2h-8r4f

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 0.24.0VulnerablevLLM
  • cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 0.24.0 Vulnerable ·vLLM

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA vllm (vllm-project) Fixed in 0.24.0
  • Fix · GHSA-8wr5-jm2h-8r4f vllm (PyPI) Fixed in 0.24.0 Advisory →

Red Hat 13 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:76150 Released 2026-10-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4.5 security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 +3
  • RHSA-2026:76149 Released 2026-10-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4.5 security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70995 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (rocm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9
Show 10 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2026:70979 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cuda)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70969 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70965 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cpu)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69469 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (rocm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69467 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cuda)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69466 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cpu)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69464 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:61629 Released 2026-08-31 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (ROCm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:61627 Released 2026-08-31 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (CUDA)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:60363 Released 2026-08-26 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3.6 (Spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat AI Inference ServerAffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3AffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2Fixed RHSA-2026:61627, RHSA-2026:61629
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3Fixed RHSA-2026:60363
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4Fixed RHSA-2026:69464, RHSA-2026:69466, RHSA-2026:69467, RHSA-2026:69469, RHSA-2026:70965, RHSA-2026:70969, RHSA-2026:70979, RHSA-2026:70995
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4Fixed RHSA-2026:76149, RHSA-2026:76150
Not affected: 1 product
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-54234
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-8wr5-jm2h-8r4f
  3. 2026-10-06 Fix available: RHSA-2026:76149 · Red Hat
  4. 2026-10-06 Fix available: RHSA-2026:76150 · Red Hat
  5. 2026-10-06 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 · Red Hat
  6. 2026-10-07 Affected versions changed · Red Hat

References

Exploit 1

Patch 2

Advisory 1

Other 1

  • TI-2024-10229 Remote Code Execution in vllm-project/vllm CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2024-08404 Remote Code Execution in vllm-project/vllm CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-36017 vLLM: OpenAI auth bypass CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
  • TI-2026-63056 vLLM before 0.28.0 Denial of Service via negative token ID CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.7
  • TI-2026-04308 Hardcoded trust_remote_code=True in vllm-project/vllm Bypasses User Security Control CVSS 3.0HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2026-04816 Unbounded Frame Count in video/jpeg Base64 Data URL Processing Leads to OOM DoS in vllm-project/vllm CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
See all 124 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences