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TI-2026-29245 Aliases CVE-2026-40494

SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check

Priority HIGH 82CWE-787Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-787 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00332 26th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed sail (HappySeaFox): 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
HappySeaFoxsailbefore 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f454730245d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302Patch availableCNA
  • sail VendorHappySeaFox Affected before 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 Fixed in 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 Patch available CNA

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA sail (HappySeaFox) Fixed in 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-40494

References

Other 2

  • TI-2026-39458 SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth) CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-39457 SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch) CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-29244 SAIL has heap buffer overflow in PSD decoder — bpp mismatch in LAB 16-bit mode CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-29243 SAIL has heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder — bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swap CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-39513 SAIL: XBM X10 decoder writes 2 bytes per literal into a 1-byte-per-literal buffer (heap out-of-bounds write) CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
  • TI-2026-81986 Division by zero in SAIL WebP decoder on malformed animated files CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 4.8

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences