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TI-2026-39513 Aliases CVE-2026-54692

SAIL: XBM X10 decoder writes 2 bytes per literal into a 1-byte-per-literal buffer (heap out-of-bounds write)

Priority HIGH 69CWE-131Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-131 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to 1.0.0, sail_codec_load_frame_v8_xbm() in src/sail-codecs/xbm/xbm.c allocates the decoded pixel buffer using the X11 one-byte-per-literal layout, but an X10 static short file causes the flat decode loop to write two file-controlled bytes per literal. When ceil(width/8) produces an odd row stride, the X10 literal count includes a padding byte for every row, but the destination has no space for those bytes, so loading the XBM through sail_load_from_file, sail_load_from_memory, or sail_start_loading_* produces a forward heap overwrite that scales with image height. The X11 static char path is not affected. The overwrite can corrupt process state, cause reliable crashes, and potentially enable code execution in a susceptible consuming application. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00194 9th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed sail (HappySeaFox): 1.0.0

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
HappySeaFoxsailbefore 1.0.01.0.0Patch availableCNA
  • sail VendorHappySeaFox Affected before 1.0.0 Fixed in 1.0.0 Patch available CNA

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA sail (HappySeaFox) Fixed in 1.0.0

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-54692

References

Other 3

  • TI-2026-39458 SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth) CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-39457 SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch) CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-29245 SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-29244 SAIL has heap buffer overflow in PSD decoder — bpp mismatch in LAB 16-bit mode CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-29243 SAIL has heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder — bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swap CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-81986 Division by zero in SAIL WebP decoder on malformed animated files CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 4.8

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences