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TI-2026-30106 Aliases CVE-2026-41523GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r

vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution

Priority LOW 37CWE-617Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Attack complexity
High
Impact type
Denial of service, Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 6 fixed, 2 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-617 and CWE-94.

Summary

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00913 60th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix Partial vllm (vllm-project): 0.22.0vllm (PyPI): 0.22.0Red Hat: 23 advisoriesRed Hat: 6 fixed, 2 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
vllm-projectvllmbefore 0.22.00.22.0Patch availableCNA
—vllm (PyPI)before 0.22.00.22.0Patch availableGHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r
  • vllm Vendorvllm-project Affected before 0.22.0 Fixed in 0.22.0 Patch available CNA
  • vllm (PyPI) Vendor— Affected before 0.22.0 Fixed in 0.22.0 Patch available GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 0.22.0VulnerablevLLM
  • cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 0.22.0 Vulnerable ·vLLM

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA vllm (vllm-project) Fixed in 0.22.0
  • Fix · GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r vllm (PyPI) Fixed in 0.22.0 Advisory →

Red Hat 23 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:82061 Released 2026-10-13 · Red Hat rating Critical
    Red Hat AI Inference Tech Preview 3.5.2 (Gaudi)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.5 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70995 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (rocm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70979 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cuda)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9
Show 20 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2026:70969 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:70965 Released 2026-09-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cpu)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69469 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (rocm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69467 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cuda)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69466 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (cpu)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:69464 Released 2026-09-21 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.5 (spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:62336 Released 2026-09-01 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3.6 enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 +3
  • RHSA-2026:62335 Released 2026-09-01 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3.6 enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:61629 Released 2026-08-31 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (ROCm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:61627 Released 2026-08-31 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (CUDA)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:59151 Released 2026-08-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4.4 enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 +3
  • RHSA-2026:59144 Released 2026-08-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4.4 enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:59139 Released 2026-08-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3.6 (ROCm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:59138 Released 2026-08-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3.6 (CUDA)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:57390 Released 2026-08-20 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.4 (rocm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:57389 Released 2026-08-20 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.4 (cuda)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:57387 Released 2026-08-20 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.4 (spyre)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:57380 Released 2026-08-20 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference 3.4.4 (cpu)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 registry.redhat.io/rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:36006 Released 2026-07-06 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (ROCm)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9
  • RHSA-2026:36005 Released 2026-07-06 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (CUDA)
    • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 registry.redhat.io/rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3AffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)AffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2Fixed RHSA-2026:36005, RHSA-2026:36006, RHSA-2026:61627, RHSA-2026:61629
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3Fixed RHSA-2026:59138, RHSA-2026:59139
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4Fixed RHSA-2026:57380, RHSA-2026:57387, RHSA-2026:57389, RHSA-2026:57390, RHSA-2026:69464, RHSA-2026:69466, RHSA-2026:69467, RHSA-2026:69469, RHSA-2026:70965, RHSA-2026:70969, RHSA-2026:70979, RHSA-2026:70995
Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.5Fixed RHSA-2026:82061
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3Fixed RHSA-2026:62335, RHSA-2026:62336
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4Fixed RHSA-2026:59144, RHSA-2026:59151
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-41523
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r
  3. 2026-10-07 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
  4. 2026-10-13 Fix available: RHSA-2026:82061 · Red Hat
  5. 2026-10-13 Fix available: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.5 · Red Hat

References

Exploit 1

Patch 1

Advisory 2

Other 19

  • TI-2024-10229 Remote Code Execution in vllm-project/vllm CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2024-08404 Remote Code Execution in vllm-project/vllm CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-36017 vLLM: OpenAI auth bypass CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
  • TI-2026-63056 vLLM before 0.28.0 Denial of Service via negative token ID CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.7
  • TI-2026-04308 Hardcoded trust_remote_code=True in vllm-project/vllm Bypasses User Security Control CVSS 3.0HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2026-39137 vLLM: Remote DoS in vLLM via Invalid Recovered Token Reinjection CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
See all 124 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences