TI-2025-31133 Aliases CVE-2025-49005 GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4

Next.js cache poisoning due to omission of Vary header

MEDIUM 51CWE-444Published 2025-07-03 · Updated 2025-07-08

Key facts

Attack vector: Network
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: High
Impact type: —
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: None · Low · None
Fix status: Partial Red Hat: 5 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat.

Summary

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In Next.js App Router from 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 and Vercel CLI from 41.4.1 to 42.2.0, a cache poisoning vulnerability was found. The issue allowed page requests for HTML content to return a React Server Component (RSC) payload instead under certain conditions. When deployed to Vercel, this would only impact the browser cache, and would not lead to the CDN being poisoned. When self-hosted and deployed externally, this could lead to cache poisoning if the CDN does not properly distinguish between RSC / HTML in the cache keys. This issue has been resolved in Next.js 15.3.3.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00491 42nd percentileScored 2026-11-07

Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD

Fix Partial next.js (vercel): 15.3.3next (npm): 15.3.3Red Hat: 5 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: Poc
Automatable: No
Technical impact: Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
vercel	next.js	15.3.0 to before 15.3.3	15.3.3	Patch available	CNA
—	next (npm)	15.3.0 to before 15.3.3	15.3.3	Patch available	GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4

next.js Vendorvercel Affected 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 Fixed in 15.3.3 Patch available CNA
next (npm) Vendor— Affected 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 Fixed in 15.3.3 Patch available GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4

CPE configurations NVD · 2

CPE	Versions	Role	Vendor
cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js::::::node.js::*	15.3.0 to before 15.3.3	Vulnerable	vercel
cpe:2.3:a:vercel:vercel::::::::	41.4.1 to before 42.2.0	Vulnerable	vercel

cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* Versions 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 Vulnerable ·vercel
cpe:2.3:a:vercel:vercel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 41.4.1 to before 42.2.0 Vulnerable ·vercel

Remediation

Fix · CNA next.js (vercel) Fixed in 15.3.3
Fix · GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4 next (npm) Fixed in 15.3.3 Advisory →

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Low. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Product	Status	Plan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI)	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-49005
2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4

References

Exploit 1

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/issues/79346

Patch 1

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/ec202eccf05820b60c6126d6411fe16766ecc066

Advisory 3

Other 3

TI-2025-34861 Deserialization of untrusted data in Meta react-server-dom-webpack KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
TI-2025-21309 Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
TI-2025-34863 Deserialization of untrusted data in Meta react-server-dom-webpack CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
TI-2024-31371 Cache Poisoning in next.js CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
TI-2023-24914 Next.js before 13.4.20-canary.13 lacks a cache-control header and thus empty prefetch… CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
TI-2026-32490 Next.js: Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6

See all 62 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences