n8n has Potential Remote Code Execution via Merge Node
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Impact type
- SQL injection, Code execution
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-89 and CWE-94.
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could leverage the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write arbitrary files on the n8n server. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the Merge node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.merge` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n8n | n8n | before 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 | 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1 | Patch available | CNA |
| — | n8n (npm) | before 1.123.22 | 1.123.22 | Patch available | GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 |
| — | n8n (npm) | 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3 | 2.9.3 | Patch available | GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 |
| — | n8n (npm) | 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 | 2.10.1 | Patch available | GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 |
- n8n Vendorn8n Affected before 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 Fixed in 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1 Patch available CNA
- n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected before 1.123.22 Fixed in 1.123.22 Patch available GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869
- n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3 Fixed in 2.9.3 Patch available GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869
- n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 Fixed in 2.10.1 Patch available GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869
Remediation
- Fix · CNA n8n (n8n-io) Fixed in 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1
- Fix · GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 n8n (npm) Fixed in 1.123.22 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 n8n (npm) Fixed in 2.9.3 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 n8n (npm) Fixed in 2.10.1 Advisory →
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-27497
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869
References
Advisory 2
More N8n vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-42131 n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
- TI-2026-17560 n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
- TI-2026-01167 Authenticated users can bypass the Expression sandbox mechanism to achieve full remote… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.9
- TI-2026-00644 Sandbox escape in n8n Python task runner allows for arbitrary code execution on the underlying host. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.9
- TI-2025-35293 An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Chat Trigger component of N8N v1.95.3… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2023-12275 The n8n package 0.218.0 for Node.js allows Escalation of Privileges. CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
Sources
- CVE-2026-27497 · CVE Program
- CVE-2026-27497 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
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