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TI-2026-21969 Aliases CVE-2026-27577GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr

n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE

Priority MEDIUM 55CWE-94Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-94.

Summary

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters to trigger unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.10725 95th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed n8n (n8n-io): 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1n8n (npm): 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
n8nn8nbefore 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.11.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1Patch availableCNA
—n8n (npm)before 1.123.221.123.22Patch availableGHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
—n8n (npm)2.0.0 to before 2.9.32.9.3Patch availableGHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
—n8n (npm)2.10.0 to before 2.10.12.10.1Patch availableGHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
  • n8n Vendorn8n Affected before 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 Fixed in 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1 Patch available CNA
  • n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected before 1.123.22 Fixed in 1.123.22 Patch available GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
  • n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3 Fixed in 2.9.3 Patch available GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
  • n8n (npm) Vendor— Affected 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 Fixed in 2.10.1 Patch available GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*before 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1Vulnerablen8n
  • cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* Versions before 1.123.22; 2.0.0 to before 2.9.3; 2.10.0 to before 2.10.1 Vulnerable ·n8n

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA n8n (n8n-io) Fixed in 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1
  • Fix · GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr n8n (npm) Fixed in 1.123.22 Advisory →
  • Fix · GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr n8n (npm) Fixed in 2.9.3 Advisory →
  • Fix · GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr n8n (npm) Fixed in 2.10.1 Advisory →

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-27577
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
  3. 2026-10-25 EPSS moved to the 95th–99th percentile

References

Patch 2

Advisory 2

Other 3

  • TI-2025-42131 n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2026-17560 n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2026-01167 Authenticated users can bypass the Expression sandbox mechanism to achieve full remote… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.9
  • TI-2026-00644 Sandbox escape in n8n Python task runner allows for arbitrary code execution on the underlying host. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.9
  • TI-2025-35293 An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Chat Trigger component of N8N v1.95.3… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2023-12275 The n8n package 0.218.0 for Node.js allows Escalation of Privileges. CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
See all 178 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences